Given is a set of stations linked by railway tracks, forming an undirected railway network. One or more lines are formed in this network. Each line consists of an origin station, a destination station, and a number of intermediate stations. In order to complete the line configuration, it is needed to decide the frequency (number of services per hour) and the capacity (number of carriages) for each train. This problem is called the line frequency and capacity setting. In this work, an IL based algorithm for solving this problem when the objective function is the net profit, is proposed. A version of this problem that takes into account the passenger behavior is also considered. Finally, some computational results are presented.

This paper presents an integer linear programming (ILP) model for allocating trucks according to their operating performances in a truck-shovel system of an open-pit mine, so as to minimize the total operating cost of trucks. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, the model was applied with two different strategies, namely independent fleet management and integrated fleet management. The results of the research in a copper mine case study showed that the developed strategies were capable of handling the operation with a fewer number of trucks than the actual mine strategy. In addition, integrated fleet management indicated 2% and 3% cost-savings over the shift compared to strategy 1 and the mine allocation schedule, respectively.

Traditionally, the earthmoving operations have been developed based on the minimum cost per production criterion. Nowadays, due to the negative impacts of the emissions on the environment, there is an increasing public awareness to reduce the emissions from the earthmoving operations. Different management strategies can be employed to reduce emissions, amongst other things, which can also result in a reduction in the operational costs. This paper aims to examine the cost and emissions related to the earthmoving equipment from an operational standpoint. The queue theory is used in order to demonstrate that the optimum cost per production fleet size and the optimum emissions per production coincide. The linear and non-linear server utilization functions are employed to present a general optimization proof independent from any specific case study. The findings of this research work provide a better understanding of the relationship between the emissions and cost and how the undertrucking and over-trucking conditions affect the productivity and environmental affairs in the earthmoving operations.

To determine the amount of air pollutants, produced by Iranian automakers, and compare it with old and retrofitted vehicles have become one of the important tools of urban management. The present research uses International Vehicle Emission (IVE) modeling software in order to verify SAIPA Co. fleet emissions, based on Euro 4 emission standard (SAIPA Co. recognized as a superior Iranian brand in vehicle industry). There has been attempts to determine pollutant emission from Saipa Co.-manufactured cars in the city of Tehran, in accordance with Tehran Driving Cycle along with modeling and lab results which have over 90% conformity with modeling and lab results of New European Driving Cycle. According to ISQI’ s 100, 000-km test results, the amount of CO2 emission modeling from X100 and Tiba2’ s has been about 160 gr/km, which has been within the range, whereas the modeled CO2 emission rate has been 232 gr/km in TDC, i. e., 1. 5 times more than laboratory test, due to different driving cycle usage. Significant differences between the values obtained in the emission lab and modeling at New European Driving Cycle, Tehran Driving Cycle, and Tehran Air Quality Control Company report, indicate that relying on hypothetical situation leads to inapplicable emissions value from light vehicles.